Fort At Number 4 - History of Fort in No. 4 "It has been appointed that... the Committee of this Parliament... will choose to go (sic) and check... what the citizens think about the place called No. 4, and report them as soon as possible."
About putting security at No. 4 at Fort Dummer, 1744, Provincial Papers, Vol. V, page 227 NH State Archives
Fort At Number 4
History of Fort in No. 4 Charlestown, New Hampshire in many ways shows the great growth and development of the English colonies. This area in western New Hampshire was settled by pioneers who were distinguished by their determination, methods of work and knowledge of developing industries. As the English population grew in the 18th century and immigration from England continued rapidly, the need for more land and economic opportunities drove settlers west. The "West" of colonial New England included much more territory than established towns. The area is a thick swamp filled with deer, beavers and fish; and it is a country with different tribes of American Indians. Just as the arrival of North America offered economic, religious and social opportunities, the westward expansion of colonialism represented the same freedom.
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To help its settlers move west, in 1735 the Massachusetts General Assembly created 26 land grants or "woods" along the Connecticut River. This work shows the importance of waterways at that time: rivers were the main means of transportation of goods, people and ideas. Settlements were made along the Connecticut River so that the colonists could access the fertile land along the river and use the river as a means of transportation. Running 410 miles north to Long Island Sound, Connecticut means "Long River" by the Algonquian natives. Along with the Indians, the colonists used it as a major trade route. It was also used by European governments to conduct troops during the French and Indian War. National Award No. 4 is where the Black River enters Connecticut, about 60 miles north of Deerfield, Massachusetts. Exactly on the path followed by Indian hunters, No. 4 are placed at the intersection of rivers and roads; an important place that will give solutions an important role in the events since its creation in the American Revolution.
The first customers in fields No. 4 purchased their grant in 1735 but did not settle in the area themselves. In 1740 many families bought grants from the first land claimants and made the difficult journey from their hometowns including Rutland, Lunenberg and Groton, Massachusetts to create new opportunities for their families. Three brothers, Stephen, Samuel and David Farnsworth, were the first residents of No. carry on.
These early families found themselves in a remote part of New England. No. 4 was the most northerly part of England at this time. The nearest place of any kind to No. 4, was Fort Dummer, about 40 kilometers to the south. Beyond the Connecticut River to the west is the wilderness claimed by New Hampshire and New York, but the western Abenaki tribes have long settled. Farther west and north is New France; this territory, including what would become Canada, was claimed by England's enemy, France. During this colonial period, the French claimed territory from Louisiana through the Ohio Valley. The St. Lawrence gave the French permanent access to the far western frontier, allowing them to build a series of forts and trading posts. This made No. 4 on the boundary of the area that is being fought between the two world powers of the time.
The settlements in New France were very different from the English ones. Most of the French immigrants were men who worked as traders and trappers. Their goal is to make a quick profit before returning home to France. While in the New World, these people became familiar with Indian tribes, forming friendships and alliances to conduct trade. Both the French and the natives wanted to drive the English east and often joined forces to attack villages in the Indian lands. Also, the French missionaries established military forces specifically to introduce Catholicism to the local population. On the other hand, the New England colonists who were mostly Puritans and many Pilgrims also included families who wanted to establish a home in North America. New England colonists established towns that included local governments, schools, and businesses. The working methods of the Puritans helped to create a successful organization. The British did not approach the natives as the French did. Although the British also wanted to convert the Native Americans, they did not rush to make alliances or accept the Indian culture. In addition, their main economic activity - farming - brought them into conflict with the Indians over land use.
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People No. 4 revived this English system in their settlement near the Connecticut River. Finally they found a minister, a doctor and a blacksmith - all important elements in the colonial problem. Family No. 4 taught their children using common tools of the time such as a horn book. Like many children in the areas, girls and boys worked hard to do their daily chores. Girls used to help their mothers with cooking, tending the garden, sewing and taking care of the children. The children used to chop wood and learn a trade. The children did not have much leisure time, but they had games and toys that were common in other colonial cities. For example, they may have made puppets out of corn sticks and played games by shooting marbles and rolling a big river with a stick.
Family No. 4 they farmed together, built houses and businesses. For example, in the mid-1740s, the Spafford family built a mill, where grain was ground into flour, and a sawmill, which was used to make lumber for building houses. Both of these industries played an important role in building houses in the area and helping the residents to prosper. However, living on the border means facing dangers like Indian raids. The raiders of 1. 4, described in the diaries and other documents, recorded the killing and capture of immigrants and the destruction of Spafford's facilities, which were burned (and rebuilt) twice.
Relations between border residents such as No. 4 and Native Americans whose homelands were complex. During peacetime, residents of No. 4 had the opportunity to interact with the local people, especially the Abenaki. This included establishing trade relations with local Indians. The account book of Phineas Stevens who established a trading post at No. 4 states how many times he traded with the Indians. This relationship was destroyed during the conflict. Relations were already strained in the early 1740s when war from Europe spread to America (King George's War 1744-1748). In the midst of the Indian roads and the river, the families of No. 4 experienced this war with his own eyes. Since they arrived where they live, they live in fear of being attacked or captured by the Indian fighters allied with the French army. People No. 4 held a meeting in 1743 where they decided to build a wall that would protect the families.
Most of our information about the structure of the Building comes from John Maynard's military maps. It provides a plan that shows Fort houses, buildings, fountains and towns. The map also lists some of the names of those who stayed at Fort No. 4 in the summer of 1746. He shows that the fort was built in the form of a square with pillars of twelve feet five inches apart, which was sufficient for firing. out, but not enough to enter. In this protective wall they placed the existing houses and combined them with decorative elements. They built a "Great Room" with a wooden tower that served as a lookout for miles into the Connecticut River. The main hall served as a theater for church services, meetings or barracks. In addition, they finally found safe guns, placed in the Parker House, which would sound the alarm during the attack. In case of danger, the inhabitants will seek refuge in the Castle, leaving their lands and large animals.
Fort Campbell Post News (fort Campbell, Ken.), Vol. 1, No. 1, Friday, January 5, 1968
Residents of what is called The Fort at No. 4 also sought protection and assistance from the Government of New Hampshire. About 1743 and 1744 documents in the New Hampshire state books show how John Spafford and Josiah Willard of No. 4 who asked Governor Benning Wentworth to protect the troops. They ordered aid to New Hampshire because in 1741 King George II of England settled a border dispute with Massachusetts by running a line 50 miles south of the Fort, effectively taking New Hampshire as a large part of what it was. Massachusetts. Arrival
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