Russian Military Salute - In the armed forces of the Russian Federation, a military salute with the hands is performed with the palms down and only covering the head. What else is special about the Russian military salute and what is its history?
In fact, the military salute is a sign of peaceful intentions - the military one indicates that the right hand is open and free of any weapons. But why is he on his head? There are several explanations for this. First, during the days of chivalry, knights raised the visor on their helmets to see the person they were saluting. Another, more plausible, is that it is a primitive gesture that is done instead of raising the head as a sign of respect.
Russian Military Salute
Generally the important thing in a military salute is that it is not an individual (be it an officer, a sergeant or a private) who is saluted, but a military uniform. The military salute is a sign of mutual recognition and belonging to the same corporation, a symbol of mutual respect for military personnel.
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This is why the military salute is only performed by people in uniform and by other people in uniform - except when saluting a head of state (and head of the armed forces), such as the president. However, when, for example, civilian-clothed President Vladimir Putin is saluted, he does not return the salute because he is not in uniform and wearing a military-style headdress (unlike, for example, the President of the United Nations State).
In the army of medieval Russia, there was no military salute - there were certain military ranks, no common uniform, and high-ranking military officers were at the same time high-ranking people in the state hierarchy, so they saluted. each other with bows. .
There is no clear information on military salutes in Imperial Russia before 1765, when the great Russian commander Alexander Suvorov defined the rules for military salutes in his theoretical work "Regimental Establishment". According to him, six steps before approaching the senior rank's face, the headgear (in those days, a cocked hat) had to be taken off with the soldier's left hand, and held in his left hand until Senior does not go 6 steps away. .
However, with the increase in the number of military personnel and the change in their headgear (helmets, shakos, peak caps, etc.), the need for a wider military salute arose. Gradually, during the 19th century, the so-called "Polish salute" (or "double-fingered salute") came into use in the Russian Imperial Army. This is done by extending the middle and index fingers and touching each other, and the ring and little fingers are bent and touched with the thumb. The tips of the middle and index fingers touched the visor of the cap. In Russia, the salute was to be performed only when the head was covered with a military hat.
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After the mid-19th century, the "two-finger salute" was replaced by the full-hand salute. In the "Manual for Young Soldiers and Cossacks" published in St. Petersburg in 1887, it is described as follows: "If a soldier meets a commander whom he must salute, he places his right hand on the right side of the army. should 4 paces before reaching the commander the lower edge of his hat, so that the fingers are together, the palm is slightly turned and the elbow is at the level of the shoulder; At the same time, he should look at the commander and follow him with his eyes. When the commander passes him a step, his hand can be lowered.
High-ranking commanders had to stand and salute carefully. Such commanders and individuals included: all members of the royal family, generals, admirals, heads of garrisons, commanders of regiments, squadrons, staff officers, as well as when passing state banners and standards (flags). When carrying a gun or a drawn saber, soldiers had to carry the weapon on their shoulders. And never, under any circumstances, was a soldier compelled to take off his hat, even in the presence of the king.
The above rules were widely used in the Red Army of the USSR. For military salutes performed en masse (for example, by an entire regiment in the presence of a general on parade), the following rule was established: The military salute is performed with the whole hand by the commander of the military unit, and all The members of the unit, standing at attention, turned their eyes to the high-ranking commander.
The General Order for the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the USSR (1960) ordered all military personnel to greet each other with a military salute. The lower ranks first salute the higher ranks. Forgetting or, worse, refusing to salute was considered a crime and subject to punishment. Also, some objects should have been saluted: the Lenin Mausoleum, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, the mass graves of soldiers defending the Fatherland, all military banners and standards, as well as mourning processions with troops.
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These rules are still in force in the armed forces of the Russian Federation (with the exception of saluting Lenin's mausoleum). Currently, military personnel must salute two persons, even if these persons are not in military uniform - the President of the Russian Federation and the Prime Minister.
The old tradition of giving a military salute with only the head covered still persists. A soldier must still give a military salute, even if his head is covered by a hood, knit cap, helmet, etc. In cases where the head is not covered (during field exercises, training, etc.), it is given standing. attention
How about the return of the military salute? As Mikhail Dragomirov (1830–1905), a well-known general and military theorist of the Russian Imperial Army, wrote: “In saluting an old man, we express our humility to him and fulfill the duty of courtesy required of everyone. do, not only. Soldiers." Rules But respect is a mutual affair, and officers who do not return the salutes offered to them by lower ranks do evil, for they show that they are less courteous than soldiers, and that Also, an example of soldiers not following the rules. You can't instill perseverance when you don't follow it yourself."
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